Sample Papers also avail for following Exams under UPSC:
✓ Reserved For Upsc Rt/Exam
✓ SCRA Exam, 2015
✓ C.D.S. Exam.(I), 2015
✓ CISF Ac(Exe) LDCE-2015
✓ N.D.A. & N.A. Exam.(I), 2015
✓ I.E.S./I.S.S. Exam., 2015
✓ Combined Geo-Scientist And Geologists' Exam., 2015
✓ Engineering Services Examination, 2015
✓ Combined Medical Services Exam, 2015
✓ Central Armed Police Forces (Ac) Exam., 2015
✓ Civil Services (Preliminary) Exam, 2015
✓ Indian Forest Service 1 Day (Preliminary) Exam, 2015 Through Cs [P] Exam 2015
✓ S.O./Steno (Gd-B/Gd-I) Ltd. Depttl. Competitive Exam 2015 (Written)
✓ C.D.S. Exam.(Ii), 2015
✓ Indian Forest Service (Main) Exam, 2015
PASSAGE - 1
While fill-the-blank test questions are not common on standardized tests, it is a form of that many use. Along with fill-in-the-blank questions, you may even have short answer questions on many of your tests, and there are strategies you can use to accurately answer these types of questions. The first step is understanding what a short answer or fill-in-blank questions are. These types of questions generally will require you to read the problem and fill in the correct answer. Fill-in-the-blank and short answer questions test your ability to recollect facts and trivia you have learned. Another way to understand a short answer question is by looking at the directions. This means you will be required to write a sentence or more to answer the question. Now that you understand the meaning of fill-in-the-blank and short answer tests, you can learn some strategies to help you score high on those tests.
1. The first strategy is to look for clues in the test question. This means to see if the question is worded differently than what is commonly used and then you may be able to find the correct answer. If the test maker did use a different type of phrase, it is wise to consider that as a way of finding the answer to the question and how it should be worded.
2. Just because you have looked for clues does not mean you have to read to much into the test question, which leads us to the next strategy, do not look for hidden meanings. Fill-in-the-blank and short answer tests are basic, which means that these tests usually only want you to recall facts from the notes you took in class or read in your books. These tests will only require hardly more than an accurate recollection of those facts. If you look for hidden meanings that are not there, you will end up making the test more difficult. If you have already studied well for the test, your answers-should come easily.
3. As with any type of test, making an educated guess on fill-in-the-blank and short answer tests is a good strategy to use when you are stuck. Often times, you will remember more when you start writing, moreover, you may be able to receive partial good marks for getting the answer almost right.
4. If you are still a little stumped, you should count the number of blanks provided with the fill-in-the-blank question. This can give you an idea of what information is needed because teachers can let you know what answer they are looking for this way. Keep in mind though, that there can be really short or long blanks, as well as any number of them, so if you are sure that a two blank question has a one word answer write it down and move on.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a blank space and four words or groups of words are given after the sentence. Out of these four choices, select the word or group of words which you consider the most appropriate for the blank space.
1. Every human being is………to the Almighty for his actions on earth.
(a) faithful (b) approachable
(c) accountable (d) responsible
2. I don’t know where he is but I could………a guess.
(a) suggest (b) attempt
(c) hazard (d) estimate
3. I never saw such………a sight.
(a) dreadful (b) deadening
(c) dreaded (d) dread
4. We must………trade with neighbouring countries.
(a) add (b) promote
(c) enter (d) deal
5. She has been ill but now she is back in………
(a) movement (b) motion
(c) circulation (d) moving
6. A leader has the capacity to influence others,………expectations and establish specific desires which determine the direction a business takes.
(a) search (b) evoke
(c) develop (d) construct
7. Roshan and his family members were………from the hospital after treatment for minor injuries.
(a) removed (b) transferred
(c) discharged (d) evicted
8. Management consulting is an independent and………advisory service provided by qualified professionals to clients in order to help them identify and analyse management problems or opportunities.
(a) objective (b) subjective
(c) confirmed (d) experienced
9. His teacher advised him to give………bad company.
(a) away (b) up
(c) in (d) off
10. He appealed to the President as a last………
(a) solution (b) resource
(c) force (d) reason
11. I will come to meet you at the station in my car………you do not have to walk to my house.
(a) in order (b) that
(c) because (d) so that
12. That table would collapse if both………on it.
(a) would stand (b) will stand
(c) are standing (d) stood
13. I wonder why I always have trouble with my car whenever I………to go to the cinema.
(a) imagine (b) decide
(c) am deciding (d) had decided
14. Though fond of many acquaintances, I desire………only with a few.
(a) introduction (b) cordiality
(c) intimacy (d) encounter
15. His energy was unbounded; his resourcefulness inexhaustible; and his equanimity in the face of danger, almost………
(a) unreasonable (b) uncanny
(c) natural (d) false
16. Medical ethics………a doctor to have a love affair with a patient.
(a) censure (b) forbid
(c) contraindicate (d) disallow
17. Putin’s overwhelming victory clearly shows that what the Russian wants is a strong leader who will………Mother Russia to her former pride and glory.
(a) restate (b) restore
(c) rescue (d) retrieve
18. The new office block is a/an………on the landscape.
(a) humiliation (b) ugliness
(c) excrescence (d) oddity
19. It is imperative that the Government initiates swift action on such a critical recommendation if its intention of tackling the menace of spurious drugs is to carry some………with the general public.
(a) credibility (b) credulity
(c) credulousness (d) creditableness
20. I have no………motive in offering this advice; I seek no personal advantage.
(a) magnanimous (b) implied
(c) altruistic (d) ulterior
PASSAGE - 2
Unemployment is an important index of economics lack and lost output, but it is much more than that. For the unemployed person it is often a damaging affront to human dignity and sometimes a catastrophic blow to family life. Nor is this cost distributed in proportion to ability to bear it. It falls most heavily on the young, the semiskilled and unskilled, the black person, the older worker, and the underemployed person in a low-income rural area who is denied the option of securing more rewarding urban employment. The concentrated increase of unemployment among specific groups in the population means far greater costs to society than can be measured simply in hours of involuntary idleness or dollars of income lost. The extra costs include disruption of the careers of young people, increased juvenile delinquency, and perpetuation of conditions which breed racial discrimination in employment and otherwise deny equality of opportunity. There is another and more subtle cost.
The social and economic strains of prolonged under utilization create strong pressures for cost increasing solutions. On the side of labour, prolonged high unemployment leads to “share-the-work” pressures for shorter hours, intensifies resistance to technological change and to rationalization of work rules, and in genera, increases incentives for restrictive and inefficient measures to protect existing jobs. On the side of business, the weakness of markets leads to attempts to raise prices to cover high average overhead costs and to pressure for protection against foreign and domestic competition. On the side of agriculture, higher prices are necessary to active income objectives, when urban and industrial demand for food and fibres is depressed and lack of opportunities for jobs and higher incomes in industry keep people on the farm. In all these cases, the problems are real and the claims understandable. But the solutions suggested raise costs and promote inefficiency. By no means the least of the advantages of full utilization will be a diminution of these pressures. They will be weaker, and they can be more firmly resisted in good conscience, when markets are generally strong and job opportunities are plentiful.
The demand for labour is derived from the demand for the goods and services which labour participates in producing. Thus, unemployment will be reduced to 4 per cent of the labour is derived from the demand for the myriad of goods and services automobiles, clothing, food, electric generators, highways, and so on is sufficiently great in total to required the productive efforts of 96 per cent of the civilian labour force. Although many goods are initially produced as materials or components to meet demands related to the further production of other goods, all goods (and services) are ultimately destined to satisfy demands that can, for convenience, be classified into four categories: consumer demand, business demand for new plants and machinery and for additions to inventories, net export demand of foreign buyers, and demand of government units, federal, state, and local.
Thus Gross National Product (GNP), our total output, is the sum of four major components of expenditure: personal consumption expenditure, gross private domestic investment, net exports, and government purchases of goods and services. The primary line of attack on the problem of unemployment must be through measures which will expand one or more of these components of demand. Once a satisfactory level of employment has been achieved in growing economy, economic stability requires the maintenance of continuing balance between growing productive capacity and growing demand. Action to expand demand is called for not only when demand actually, declines and recession appears but even when the rate of growth of demand falls short of the rate of growth of capacity.
1. In this passage, the word involuntary means
(a) Not free (b) Without exercise of the will
(c) Done gratuitously (d) Not desirable
2. According to the passage, a typical business reaction to a recession is to press for
(a) Protection against imports (b) Higher unemployment insurance
(c) Restrictive business practices (d) Restraint on union activity
3. Gross National Product (GNP) is a measure of
(a) Our total output (b) Our personal consumption
(c) Out net exports (d) Our domestic investment
4. According to the passage, a satisfactory level of unemployment is
(a) 90 per cent of the civilian workforce (b) 85 per cent of the civilian workforce
(c) 4 per cent unemployment (d) 2 per cent unemployment
PASSAGE - 3
The Republican party has lost its mind. To Win elections, a party obviously needs votes and constituencies. However first, it needs an idea. In 1994-95, the Republican Party had after a long struggle advanced a coherent, compelling set of political ideas expressed in a specific legislative agenda. The political story of 1996 is that this same party, with in the space of six weeks, became totally, shockingly intellectually deranged.
Think back. The singular achievement of House Speaker Newt Gingrich’s 1994 revolution was that it swept into power united behind one comprehensive ideological goal; dismantling the welfare state. Just about anything in the contract with America and the legislative agenda of the 104th Congress is a mere subheading; welfare reform, tax cuts entitlement reform, returning power to the states, the balanced budget (a supremely powerful means for keeping the growth of government in check).
The central Republican idea was that the individual, the family, the church, the schools-civil society-were being systematically usurped and strangled by the federal behemoth Republicans who were riding into Washington to slay it with this idea they met Clinton head-on in late 1995. And although they were tactically defeated-the government shut down proved a disaster for Republicans-they won philosophically. Clinton conceded all their principles. He finally embraced their seven year balanced budget. Then, in a State of the union speech that might have been delivered by a moderate Republican, he declared, The era of Big Government is over”, the dominant theme of the Gingrich Revolution.
It seems so long ago. Because then, astonishingly, on the very morrow of their philosophical victory, just as the Republicans prepared to carry these ideas into battle in November, came aonnon fire from the rear. The first Republican renegade to cry ‘Wrong !’ and charge was Steve Forbes. With his free-lunch, tax-cutting flat tax, he declared the balanced budget, the centre piece of the Republican revolution, unnecessary, Then, no sooner had the Forbes mutiny been put down than Pat Buchanan declared a general insurrection. He too declared war on the party’s central ideology in the name not supply side theory but of class welfare, the Democratic weapon of choice against Republicanism.
The enemy, according to the Buchanan, in not welfare state. It is that conservative icon, capitalism, with its ruthless captains of industry, greedy financiers and political elite (Republicans included, of course). All three groups collaborate to let foreigners-immigrants, traders, parasitic foreign-aid loafers-destroy the good life of the ordinary American worker.
Buchananism holds that what is killing the little guy in America is the Big Guy, not big Government. It blames not an overreaching government that tries to insulate citizens from life’s buffeting to the point where it creates deeply destructive dependency, but an uncaring government that does not protect its victim-people enough from that buffeting. Buchanan would protect and wield a mighty government apparatus to do so, government that builds trade walls and immigrant-repelling fences, that imposes punitive taxes on imports, that policies that hiring and firing practices of business with the arrogance of the most zealous affirmative action enforcer.
This is Reaganism standing on its head. Republicans have focused too much on the mere technical dangers possed by this assault. Yes, it gives ammunition to the Democrats. Yes, it puts the eventual nominee through a bruising campaign and delivers him tarnished and drained into the ring against Bill Clinton. But the real danger is philosophical, not tactical. It is axioms, not just policies, that are under fire. The Republican idea of smaller government is being proud to dust-by Republicans. In the middle of an election year, when they should be honing their themes against Democratic liberalism, Buchanan’s rise is forcing a pointless rearguard battle against a philosophical corpse, the obsolete Palaeo conservatism-a mix of nativism, protectionism and isolationism of the 1930s.
As the candidates’ debate in Arizona last week showed, the entire primary campaign will be fought on Buchanan’s grounds, fending off his Smoot-Hawley-Franco populism. And then what? After the convention, what does e nominee do? Try to resurrect the anti-welfare state themes of the historically successful 1994 congressional campaign? Well, yes but with a terrible loss of energy and focus-and support. Buchanan’s constituency, by then convinced by their leader that the working man’s issue have been pushed aside, may simply walk on election day or, even worse, defect to the Democrats. After all, Democrats fight class war very well.
Political parties can survive bruising primary battles. They cannot survive ideological meltown. Dole and Buchanan say they are fighting for the heart and soul of the Republican party, heart and soul, however, will get you nowhere when you have lost your way-and your mind.
1. Which broad ideology helped Newt Gingrich lead the Republican revolution of 1994?
(a) Tax cuts (b) Entitlement reform.
(c) Welfare reform (d) Welfare state dismantling
2. Assuming the passage to be truthful, what does a party not need to win elections?
(a) Votes (b) Money
(c) Constituencies
3 Which of the following is not a Republican?
(a) Newt Gingrich (b) Pat Buchanan
(c) Bob Dole (d) None of these
4. The Republicans were tactically defeated by the Democrats because:
(a) of the shutdown of the government
(b) the balanced budget plan failed
(c) Steve Forbes led a revolution
(d) bill Clinton pre-empted them.
5. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the passage?
(a) The Democrats: Victory in Sight
(b) Follies and Foibles of the Republican Party
(c) Republicans: Are You Crazy?
(d) Mutinies on the Republican Party.
6. The word ‘obsolete’ in the context of the passage means:
(a) antiquated (b) absolute
(c) boring (d) misasmic
7. What according to the author, is the real danger for Republicans?
(a) The fact that small government is being ground to dust.
(b) The fact that Bill Clinton is gaining popularity.
(c) The fact that it is axioms, and not just policies that are under fire.
(d) The fact that the eventual nominee would be too tired of fight an election against Clinton.
8. Which of the following, according to Buchanan, is not an enemy?
(a) Big government (b) Immigrants
(c) Captains of industry (d) Foreign-aid requesters.
PASSAGE - 4
Among those who call themselves socialists, two kinds of persons may be distinguished. There are, in the first place, those whose plan for a new order of society, in which private property and individual competition are to be superseded and other motives to action substituted, are on the scale of a village community of township, and would be applied to an entire country by the multiplication of such self-acting untils; of this charachter are the systems of Owen, of Fourier, and the more thoughtful and philosophic socialists generally. The other class, which is more a product of the continent than of Great Britain and may be called the revolutionary socialists, has people who propose to themselves a much bolder stroke. Their scheme is the management of the whole productive resources of the country by one central authority, the general government. And with this view some of them avow as their purpose that the working classes, or somebody on their behalf, should take possession of all the property of the country, and administer it for the general benefit.
Whatever may be the difficulties of the first of these two forms of socialism, the second must evidently involve the same difficulties and many more. The former, too has the great advantage that it can be brought into operation progressively, and can prove its capabilities by trial. It can be tried first on a select population and extended to others as their education and cultivation permit. It need not, and in the natural order of things would not, become an engine of subversion until it.
Had shown itself capable of being also a means of reconstruction. It is not ‘SO with the other: the aim of that is to substitute the new rule for the old at a single stroke, and to exchange the amount of good realised under the present system, and its large possibilities for a plung without any preparation into the most extreme form of the problem of carrying on the whole round of the operations of social life without the motive power which has always hitherto worked the social machinery. It must be acknowledged that those who would play this game on the strength of their own private opinion, unconfirmed as yet by any experimental verification-who would forcibly deprive all who have now a comfortable physical existence of their only present means of preserving it, and would brave the frightful bloodshed and misery that would ensue if the attempt was resisted-must have a serene confidence in their own wisdom on the one hand the recklessness of other people’s suffering on the other, which Roberspierre and St. Just, hitherto the typical instances of those united arrtibutes, scarcely came up to. Nevertheless this scheme has great elements of popularity which the more cautious and reasonable form of socialism has not; because what it professes to do, it promises to do quickly and holds out hope to the enthusiastic of seeing the whole of their aspirations realised in their own time and at a blow.
1. Who among of the following is not a socialist?
(a) Robespierre (b) Fourier
(c) Owen (d) All are socialists
2. Which of the following, according to the author, is true?
(a) The second form of socialism has more difficulties than the first
(b) The second form of socialism has the same difficulties as the first
(c) The second form of socialism has less difficulties than the first
(d) The author has not compared the difficulties of the two
3. According to the author, the difference between the two kinds of socialists is that:
(a) one onsists of thinkers and the others are active people
(b) the first have a definite philosophy and the second don’t have any definite philosophy
(c) the first believe in gradual change while the others believe in revolutionary change
(d) the first are the products of Britain, while the other are products of Russia
4. Which of the following were characteristics of St. Just and Robespierre?
(a) Unconcern for other’s suffering
(b) Full confidence in their own wisdom
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
5. Which of the following according to the author, may not be the result of not verifying the desirability of socialism experimentally first?
(a) Bloodshed
(b) Deprivation of current comfortable existence
(c) Corruption in high places
(d) Misery caused by resisting the change
6. According to the philosophy of revolutionary socialism:
(a) the government takes over the villages first, and then gradually the whole country.
(b) the government takes over all productive resources of the country at one stroke.
(c) the government declares a police state and rules by decree
(d) there is no government as such; the people rule themselves by the socialist doctrine.
7. The word ‘avow’ in the context of the passage me:
(a) proclaim (b) vow
(c) affirm (d) deny
8. It may be inferred from the passage that the author’s sympathies are for
(a) neither side (b) the side of the socialist doctrine
(c) the second type of socialism (d) the first type of socialism
PASSAGE - 5
The communities of ants are sometimes very large, numbering even ยต to 500, individuals: and it is a lesson to us that no one has every yet seen quarrel between any two ants belonging to the same community On the other hand, it must be admitted that they are in hostility not only with most other insects, including ants of different species, but even with those of the same species if belonging to-different communities. I have over and over again introduced ants from one of my nests into another nest of the same species; and they were in variable attacked, seized by a leg or an antenna, and dragged out. It is evident, therefore, that the ants of each community all recognize one another, which is very remarkable. But more than this, I several times divided a nest into two halves and found that even after separation of a year and nine months they recognize one another and were perfectly friendly, while they at once attacked ants from a different nest, although of the same species.
It has been suggested that the ant of each nest have some sign or password by which they recognize one another. To test this I made some of them insensible, first I tried chloroform; but this was fatal to them, and I do not consider the test satisfactory. I decided therefore to intoxicate them. This was less easy then I had expected. None of my ants would voluntarily degrade themselves by getting drunk. However, I got over the difficulty by putting them into whisky for a few moments. I took fifty specimens-25 percent from one nest and 25 percent from —another made them dead drunk, marked each with a spot of paint, and put them on a table close to where other ants from one of the nests were feeding. The table was surrounded as usual with a moat of water to prevent them from straying.
The ants, which were feeding, soon noticed those, which I had made drunk. They seemed quite astonished to find their comrades in such a disgraceful condition, and as much at loss to know what to do with their drunkards as we were. After a while, however, they carried them all away; the strangers they took to the edge of the moat and dropped into the water, while they bore their friends home in the nest, where by degrees they slept off the effects of the spirits. Thus it is evident that they know their friends even when incapable of giving any sign or password.
1. An appropriate title for this passage might be:
(a) Nature’s Mysteries
(b) Human Qualities in the Insect World
(c) Drunken Ants
(d) Communication in Ant Communities
2. Attitudes of ants towards strnagers of the same species may be categorized as
(a) Indifferent (b) Curious
(c) Hostile (d) Passive
3. The author’s anecdotes of the inebriated ants would support all the following inductions except the statement that
(a) Ants take unwillingly to intoxicants
(b) Ants aid comrades in distress
(c) Ants have invariable recognition of their community members
(d) Ants recognize their comrades by a mysterious password
4. According to the passage, chloroform was less successful than alcohol for inhibiting communication because of:
(a) Its expense (b) Its unpredictable side effects.
(c) Its unavailability (d) Its fatality
5. Although the author is a scientist, his style of writing also exhibits a quality of:
(a) Sophistry (b) Whimsically
(c) Hyprocisy (d) Tragedy
PASSAGE - 6
The Japanese want their Emperor to reign for long, very long, but their prime ministers to have very short tenures. During the 61 years Hirohito has been on the Chrysanthemum throne, 38 prime ministers have come and gone (or atleast 32, if returns to power are left out of account). Eisaku Sato’s eight uninterrupted years as prime minister in the Sixties and early Seventies provoked fears about the possible ill-effects of one-man leadership on Japanese democracy, and led the dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to lay down the norm of a two-year for a party chief and head of government. Mr. Yasuhiro Nakasone, now bowing out, has served for an unusual five years. His success as Prime Minister was evidenced by the ruling party re-electing him leader more than once. But his plan to push through the Diet a Bill to levy a 5 percent indirect tax as part of financial reforms failed, inspite of the LDP majority in both the chambers. It was time then for him to go.
The quick turnover of primate minister has contributed to the functioning of the LDP through factions. In the party that has ruled Japan for 32 years continuously, factionalism is not something unseemly. The leader is chosen by hard bargaining-some foreigners call it horse-trading-among the faction leaders, followed, if necessary, by a part election. For the decision in favour of Noboru Takeshita as the next president of the LDP and Primate Minister of Japan, voting was not necessary. His hopes were stronger than those of the other two candidates-Finance Minister Kiichi Miyazawa and former Foreign Minister, Shin taro Abe-if only because he had proved himself more skilful in the game of factional politics. A one-time protege of Mr. Kakuei Tnaka, he thrust himself forward when the leader was disgraced on a charge of accepting bribes for sale of Lockheed aircraft to Japan and debilitated by physical ailments. Mr. Takeshita took away most of Mr. Tanaka’s following and now l ads the biggest faction in the LDP. Mr. Nakasone persuaded Mr. Miyazawa and Mr. Abe to accept Mr. Takeshita’s leadership. An election would most probably have led to the same result. Mr. Takeshita seemed to have forged a firm alliance with at least two other factions and put in his bag the votes necessary for a win.
How Mr. Takeshita will fare after taking over the reins of government in 1987 is not so certain. He ill be Japan’s first prime minister with a humble rural origin. A dichotomy in his nature shows through his record of teaching English in a Junior High School and not trying to speak that language in public later. When he was the minister of finance, he gave the impression of an extremely cautious man with a reverence for consensus but challengingly titled a book on his ideas ‘Going My Way’. Mr. Takeshita says that continuing Mr. Nakasone’s programmes would be the basis of his policy. This is not saymg enough. Japan faces two main issues, tax reforms and relations with United States. Mr. Nakasone’s plan to impose an indirect tax ran into effective opposition, and the friction with the US over trade continues. Mr. Takeshita cannot be facing an easy future as Japan’s next leader and there is nothing to show yet that he will be drawing on secret reserves of dynamism.
1. The politician who had been prime minister of longest period since the Second World War was:
(a) Hirohito (b) Kakuei Tanaka
(c) Nakasone (d) Eisaku Sato
2. When did Hirohito ascend the throne?
(a) 1946 (b) 1926
(c) In the early fifties (d) 1939
3. Mr. Tanka ceased to be Prime Minsister because:
(a) he could not get a favourable legislative bill passed by Parliament
(b) he had completed the prescribed two years term
(c) he was involved in a bribe scandal
(d) of horse-trading among his party members
4. The politican who had just recently ceased to be Prime Minister is:
(a) Eisaku Sato (b) Yasuhiro Nakasone
(c) Shintaro Abe (d) Kiichi Miyazawa
5. Mr. Takeshita’s success in the prime iministerial quest is due to:
(a) his financial wizardry
(b) his loyalty to his prede cessor’s policies
(c) his skill in manipulating factional politics
(d) his good knowledge of English.
6. The author’s assessment of the potential of Mr. Takeshita to be a successful prime minister can be summarized as one of:
(a) cautious optimism (b) enthusiasti adulation
(c) objective skepticism
7. Factionalism in the Liberal Democratic Party is mainly due to:
(a) the clash between urban and rural interests
(b) the long reign of the Emperor
(c) fears about one-man leadership
(d) frequent changes in prime ministers
8. Most of the erstwhile Prime Ministers of Japan:
(a) were English educated (b) were from rural areas
(c) had urban backgrounds (d) have been former finance ministers
9. The number of erstwhile prime minister mentioned by name in the passage is:
(a) two (b) three
(c) four (d) five
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